What does a massage therapist do?
Massage therapists use their hands, and sometimes their forearms and elbows, to work on the muscles and soft tissue of the body. Clients come for many reasons: to relieve pain, recover from injuries, reduce stress, improve flexibility or simply relax.
Each session starts with talking to the client. The therapist asks about health history, problem areas and goals, and checks for conditions that mean massage should be changed or avoided. Then they choose techniques that fit the client, such as Swedish massage for relaxation or deep tissue work for tight muscles.
During the session, therapists adjust pressure based on the client’s feedback and watch for signs of discomfort. Afterward, they may suggest stretches, self-care or follow-up sessions. They also keep client records and follow strict rules about privacy, draping and professional boundaries.
Many massage therapists run their own business, even part time. That means booking clients, setting prices, marketing and handling taxes.
Tools of the job include massage tables and chairs, linens, oils and lotions, bolsters, hot stones and other tools, depending on the techniques you use.
Massage therapists work in:
- Spas and resorts
- Massage franchises and studios
- Chiropractic and physical therapy offices
- Fitness centers and sports teams
- Their own practice, including mobile massage
A typical day
- Review your schedule and set up your room
- Talk with each client about their health and goals
- Give massages, adjusting techniques and pressure as you go
- Take notes and suggest follow-up care
- Clean and reset the room between clients
Massage therapist pay and job outlook
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, massage therapists earn a median of $58,450 a year, or $28.10 an hour. This figure covers employees only. It does not include self-employed therapists, who make up a large share of the field. Many therapists work part time, so yearly income depends on how many sessions you give.
The BLS counts about 155,400 massage therapist jobs, including self-employed workers. Employment is projected to grow 15% from 2025 to 2035, much faster than most jobs, with about 20,400 openings each year.
Pros
- Strong projected growth.
- Training takes about a year or less in many states.
- Flexible schedules and the option to work for yourself.
- You help people feel better every day.
Cons
- The work is physically demanding on your hands, wrists and back.
- Income can be uneven, especially when building a client base.
- Many jobs are part time or commission based, with few benefits.
- Evening and weekend hours are common.
Training options: school is the main path
Massage therapy program. In most states, you must complete a state-approved program to get licensed. Programs are offered by massage schools, trade schools and community colleges. Many are 500 to 1,000 hours and take about 6 to 15 months. Costs typically range from about $6,000 to $20,000, depending on the school and hours.
Programs include classroom learning in anatomy and physiology, hands-on technique practice, and supervised student clinic hours with real clients. Some also cover business skills and specialty techniques.
Look for schools approved by your state board. Accreditation, such as from COMTA or an accrediting body recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, can matter for financial aid.
Apprenticeships. A small number of states have allowed apprenticeship routes, but they are rare. For most people, school is the way in.
Certification and licensing by state
Most states and Washington, D.C., regulate massage therapy. A small number of states do not have statewide licensing, although some cities and counties set their own rules.
Requirements vary by state, but they usually include:
- Graduating from a state-approved program, often 500 to 750 hours, with some states requiring 1,000 or more
- Passing the MBLEx or another approved exam
- Passing a background check
- Renewing your license with continuing education
If you move, you will usually need to apply for a new license. Some states make this easier if you hold a license in good standing elsewhere, but you may need extra training hours.
NCBTMB Board Certification is a voluntary credential for therapists who want to show advanced training and experience.
Specializations and where they lead
- Sports massage. Work with athletes on performance and recovery.
- Medical or clinical massage. Work alongside chiropractors, physical therapists or doctors to treat pain and injuries.
- Prenatal massage. Care for pregnant clients, usually with extra training.
- Spa and wellness therapy. Focus on relaxation, hot stone and spa treatments.
- Practice owner or educator. Open your own studio or teach in a massage program.
How to choose a massage therapy school
The right school meets your state’s requirements and prepares you to pass the MBLEx. Ask these questions:
- Is the school approved by my state’s massage board? Your hours must count toward your license.
- How many training hours does the program include? Make sure it meets or exceeds your state’s minimum.
- What is the MBLEx pass rate for graduates? Ask for recent numbers.
- How much hands-on practice will I get? Ask about supervised student clinic hours with real clients.
- Is the school accredited, and is federal financial aid available? Ask about FAFSA, payment plans and total cost.
- Does tuition include a table, supplies and exam fees? These can add up.
- Do you teach business skills? Marketing, booking and taxes matter if you want your own practice.
